Published 15-06-2026
Keywords
- History, political theory, European integration, global order, international affairs
Copyright (c) 2026 Ludger Kühnhardt (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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Abstract
The main thesis of this paper: Europe's political past is the present and mosat likely the future of the world. THe most exported European idea - the concept of the nation-state and the notion of natzional sovereignty - has spread around the globe with all aspirations and abberations European countries have gone through in the past. Although there is no determinsm in human history, most features and structures of inter-state relations, the conceptual development of statehood and domestic cleavages European nation-stsates have gone through, can be found in the world today. This poses enormous challenges for the EU as the paper argues: either becoming a sovereign world power amon g power or become an object of others in a highly unstable world.