Just Transition from the Global South: A Framework for Latin America

Abstract

This article analyzes the role of Latin America in the global energy transition from the perspectives of Global South studies and international political economy, focusing on tensions between decarbonization, development, and justice. The transition is conceptualized as a purposive, politically contested, and geopolitically fragmented process, in which incumbent interests and North-centred approaches limit transformative change. The paper then introduces the concept of a “just transition” and related debates on energy justice, showing how Global South epistemologies expose green colonialism, ecological debt, and entrenched asymmetries in global governance. Empirically, it examines recent energy and climate policies in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico, using multidimensional indicators to assess their alignment with a just transition agenda. The article concludes by identifying opportunities and risks for Latin America to move from passivity to an active role in promoting fair and sustainable energy transformations.